“Non-toxic” paints & finishes vary from “natural paints,” “zero VOC,” to “low VOC”. Keep in mind that no matter what the label says, even zero-VOC formulations contain some amounts of toxins. As paints comprise of pigments and solvents, to ensure low to zero VOC, both elements must be low or zero VOC. Pigments that are richer (darker) contain higher VOC level, and solvents are your primary source of VOC.
Natural paints are made from natural raw ingredients such as water, plant oils and resins, plant dyes and essential oils; natural minerals such as clay, chalk and talcum; milk casein, natural latex, bees’ wax, earth & mineral dyes. Water-based natural paints give off almost no smell. The oil-based natural paints usually have a fragrance of citrus or essential oils. Allergies & sensitivities to these paints is uncommon. They are considered the safest for your health and for the environment. Example of natural paints: BioShield Paint
Zero VOC paint & finishes contains 5 grams per litre or less of VOC. Some manufacturers may claim Zero VOC but these paints may still use colourants, biocides and fungicides. Adding a colour tine (pigment) usually brings the VOC level up to 10 grams/litre. Example of Zero VOC: Benjamin Moore Natura
Low VOC paints & finishes use water as a carrier instead of petroleum-based solvents. Therefore, the levels of harmful emissions are lower than solven-borne surface coatings. These certified coatings also contain no, or very low levels, of heavy metals and formaldehyde. To meet EPA standards, paints & stains must not exceed 200 grams/litre in VOC level. Low VOC paints will still emit an odour until dry. If you are particularly sensitive, go with a Zero VOC paint. Example of low VOC: Benjamin Moore Aura
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